HarvardX: Shakespeare's Hamlet: The Ghost

• The many meanings of Hamlet revealed through the central figure: the Ghost of Hamlet’s murdered father.
• The historical context that shaped how Shakespeare wrote the play and how his audiences interpreted it.
• How to challenge the assumption that the play is only about revenge.
• The importance of themes like remembrance, death, and mourning.
• How the Ghost has been interpreted on stage, on screen, and in writing.

Part 1: Spirit? Apparition? Illusion?

In Part 1, we read Acts 1-2, analyzing how Shakespeare introduces the mysterious figure of the Ghost and builds up to Hamlet's encounter with it.

By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

• Examine how Shakespeare sets the stage for Hamlet through the Ghost's dramatic appearance in the opening of the play
• Situate the Ghost in the play's broader themes, motifs, and patterns of language
• Discuss how Shakespeare builds on source materials, the work of other playwrights, and his own earlier plays in creating Hamlet
• Assess different interpretations of what the Ghost "is," as well as how these interpretations are borne out in performance

Part 2: Imagining the Afterlife

In Part 2, we continue our reading with Acts 3-4 and look closely at the religious controversies following the Protestant Reformation.

By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

• Interpret Hamlet in the context of the English Reformation, evaluating its complicated legacy on institutional practices and individual beliefs
• Examine the religious controversy of Purgatory during Shakespeare’s time as well as its significance for the Ghost and Hamlet
• Discuss the relationship between rituals such as prayer, last rites, communion, and the purchase of indulgences with the theater
• Apply historical and anthropological methods to Hamlet, considering what it says about death in its own time and throughout time

Part 3: The Theater of Mourning

As we finish reading the play, we weigh the idea that the play is "about" revenge with the idea that it is "about" remembrance.

By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

• Use primary source documents to understand ideas of death and mourning in the early modern period
• Discuss how Shakespeare built upon the theatricality of mourning rituals to make Hamlet meaningful for its first audiences
• Weigh the emphasis on revenge in the play with that on remembrance, which resonates with religious belief and practice
• Assess different viewpoints on how Hamlet is universal and particular, depending on the context

**Part 4: TheTexts of _Hamlet

_ In Part 4, we turn to the earliest printed texts of the play, situating them in a broader understanding of early modern print and manuscript production. _

_**By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

• Use primary documents to understand the mechanics of early modern print and manuscript culture
• Analyze how different early texts of Hamlet shape how we understand and interpret the play
• Connect Hamlet 's meditations on death and remembrance to the "life" of the play itself
• Consider Hamlet 's impact on other texts through the examples of Tom Stoppard's Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead and Dogg's Hamlet

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